In fact, ten months prior to the spill, oil companies from Alaska (including Exxon) met to discuss the challenges that would occur if a tanker spilled oil in the middle of Prince William Sound. Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Slide Collection, RG 348. So, on March 24th at 12:04 am, the Exxon Valdez collided with Bligh Reef. The first time I did this was nine years ago, while visiting researchers studying the spill’s lingering impacts. - Definition, Causes & Effects, Cycles of Matter: The Nitrogen Cycle and the Carbon Cycle, Use of Pesticides: Benefits and Problems Associated with Pesticides, Nonrenewable Resources: Definition & Examples, What Is the Carbon Cycle? The Night Of The Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Erik Hill/Anchorage Daily News/MCT The Exxon Valdez is re-floated and towed away by a small ship from Bligh Reef. Learn. Not sure what college you want to attend yet? {{courseNav.course.mDynamicIntFields.lessonCount}} lessons The Exxon Valdez oil spill occurred March 24, 1989, in Prince William Sound. Should Exxon abide by the Valdez Principles? The herring population crashed four years after … The story begins on March 22, 1989, when the Exxon Valdez arrived in Valdez, Alaska, and was loaded with crude oil destined for Long Beach, California. Main article: Exxon Valdez oil spill At the time of the spill, Exxon Valdez was employed to transport crude oil from the Alyeska consortium 's pipeline terminal in Valdez, Alaska, to the lower 48 states of the United States. As a member, you'll also get unlimited access to over 83,000 Gravity. Enrolling in a course lets you earn progress by passing quizzes and exams. first two years of college and save thousands off your degree. environmental disaster, Prince William Sound, Alaska, United States [1989]. All rights reserved. Crews began by trying to deal with the oil that was floating in Prince William Sound. | {{course.flashcardSetCount}} Earn Transferable Credit & Get your Degree, Global Staffing Approaches: Ethnocentric, Regiocentric, Polycentric, and Geocentric, Energy Consumption of The World: The Differences in Consumption Between Developing and Developed Nations, Cradle to Grave: Definition, Analysis & Approach, Island Biogeography: Theory, Definition & Graph, What Are Keystone Species? As your shovel scrapes through gravel, the crude will mix with the water seeping into the small hole. Anyone can earn A new study released today into the effects of the 1989 Exxon Valdez oil spill in Alaska shows that embryonic salmon and herring exposed to very low levels of crude oil can develop hidden heart defects that compromise their later survival, indicating that the spill may have had much greater impacts on spawning fish than previously recognized. - Biography, Facts, Theory & Accomplishments, John Wesley Powell: Biography, Timeline & Books, Quiz & Worksheet - The Endosymbiosis Theory of Cell Evolution, Quiz & Worksheet - Characteristics of Major Eras of Life on Earth, Quiz & Worksheet - Theories of the Origin of Life on Earth, Quiz & Worksheet - Forms of Evolutionary Change, Praxis Environmental Education Flashcards, Scientific Research & Analysis for Earth and Space Science, Scientific Models & Tools for Earth and Space Science, CPA Subtest IV - Regulation (REG): Study Guide & Practice, CPA Subtest III - Financial Accounting & Reporting (FAR): Study Guide & Practice, ANCC Family Nurse Practitioner: Study Guide & Practice, Mergers, Acquisitions & Corporate Changes. It also required oil tankers in US waters to have a double hull, making it less likely to spill oil in a collision like the single-hulled Exxon ship. Julie has taught high school Zoology, Biology, Physical Science and Chem Tech. The tanker was carrying 53 million gallons … For example, shortly after the spill, one quarter of a million seabirds, 2,800 otters, 300 harbor seals, 247 bald eagles, and 22 orcas were killed. Crews added fertilizers to some regions along the shore to stimulate the growth of microbes that could break down the oil. Restoring the resources injured by the Exxon Valdezoil spill and understanding environmental change in the Northern Gulf of Alaska. They tried using hot water and high-pressure systems to wash the rocks, but this was later deemed detrimental to animals at the base of the food chain. Cordova, Alaska (CNN)-- For third-generation fisherman John Platt, the 1989 Exxon Valdez oil spill is a financial and psychological nightmare that won't end. The Exxon Valdez oil spill, which occurred shortly after midnight on March 24th, 1989, was one of the worst man-made disasters in the United States, in which millions of gallons of crude oil entered the pristine waters of Prince William Sound after the Exxon Valdez oil tanker, captained by Joseph Hazelwood, crashed into Bligh Reef. Exxon Valdez oil spill 30 years on. lessons in math, English, science, history, and more. The industry began to recover in 2003. - Definition & Examples, What Is IPAT? It should be noted that Exxon had not fixed the radar, had ignored reports that Hazelwood had been drinking for three years prior to the accident (his driver's license had even been revoked due to drinking and driving), and it had failed to provide adequate equipment for oil spills. Exxon Valdez, then owned by Exxon Shipping Company, was en route t0 Long Beach, California from the Valdez Marine Terminal when it slammed into the reef at around 12 am local time. About three decades ago, early in the Spring, Exxon Valdez, a crude oil tanker owned and operated by Exxon Oil Company, left the Alyeska Pipeline Terminal in Valdez, Alaska carrying close to 55 million gallons of crude oil. It was on March 24, 1989, the oil tanker Exxon Valdez struck the Bligh Reef in the Prince William Sound region of Alaska to begin one of the biggest maritime fatalities at that time. On March 24, 1989, the Exxon Valdez ran aground in Prince William Sound, Alaska, discharging at least 10.8 million gallons of crude oil in one of the largest spills in U.S. history. Responders report that the spill is contained by … All other trademarks and copyrights are the property of their respective owners. On March 23 1989, the tanker Exxon Valdez, carrying over 53 million gallons of oil, left the Trans Alaska Pipeline terminal in Prince William Sound, Alaska. The vessel spilled 10.8 million gallons of unrefined Alaskan crude oil into Prince William Sound, causing the largest oil spill in North American history at the time. Crews began to focus on beaches where the oil was washing up. You can test out of the The weather was clear, and the local sea traffic center had reported that the ship’s navigational route was clear of traffic. The tanker was loaded with roughly 54 million gallons oil of which 10.8 millio… On March 24, 1989, shortly after midnight, the oil tanker Exxon Valdez struck Bligh Reef in Prince William Sound, Alaska, spilling more than 11 million gallons of crude oil. Log in or sign up to add this lesson to a Custom Course. Visit the Environmental Science Lesson Plans & Activities page to learn more. Created by. The Exxon Valdez oil spill occurred March 24, 1989, in Prince William Sound. 260,000 barrels of oil were spilled on pristine Alaskan landscape in one of the worst environmental disasters of all time. 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It contaminated 1,300 miles of coastline with 250,000 barrels or 11 million gallons of oil. https://www.britannica.com/event/Exxon-Valdez-oil-spill. Much has changed in oil spill prevention and response since then. The twenty-fifth anniversary of the Exxon Valdez oil spill (EVOS) is upon us as the United States Government faces critical decisions about oil and gas development in Alaska's Arctic Ocean. Stories of Hazelwood drinking in bars earlier that day surfaced and several charges were levied against him, including operating a vessel while intoxicated, reckless engagement, and illegally discharging oil. The response to the Exxon Valdez involved more personnel and equipment over a longer period of time than did any other spill in U.S. history. just create an account. The captain of the of the tanker was Joseph Hazelwood, a 1968 graduate of New York Maritime College with over 20 years of experience, including experience as an oil tanker captain. Exxon Valdez oil spill, massive oil spill that occurred on March 24, 1989, in Prince William Sound, an inlet in the Gulf of Alaska, Alaska, U.S. Advantages of Self-Paced Distance Learning, Advantages of Distance Learning Compared to Face-to-Face Learning, Top 50 K-12 School Districts for Teachers in Georgia, Those Winter Sundays: Theme, Tone & Imagery. Plus, get practice tests, quizzes, and personalized coaching to help you Later, Exxon paid more through lawsuits and fines until the Supreme Court determined that the total Exxon would have to pay was $507.5 million. She has a Bachelor of Science in Biology and a Master of Education. On this day, March 24, in 1989, the Exxon Valdez oil tanker ran aground in Alaska’s Prince William Sound and spewed an estimated 11 million gallons of … Exxon spent over $3.8 billion to cleanup the area. Flashcards. This impacted 1,300 miles of coastline as well as the waters of Prince William Sound and the Gulf of Alaska. and career path that can help you find the school that's right for you. b. To unlock this lesson you must be a Study.com Member. While some oil was broken down, less than 10% of the oil was retrieved and much of it still remains on the shoreline and in the waters of the Gulf of Alaska. Already registered? So what happened? Unfortunately, Cousins didn't see Bligh Reef because the vessel's radar was broken (in fact, it had not worked for a year). PLAY. study flashcard set{{course.flashcardSetCoun > 1 ? Exxon Valdez Oil Spill On Good Friday, March 24, 1989, 25 years after the 1964 Good Friday Earthquake, the Exxon Valdez oil tanker ran aground at Bligh Reef. Furthermore, many workers involved in the cleanup fell ill. Respiratory illnesses (of which 6,722 were reported) were thought to be colds or flus and were even called 'the Valdez crud.' The biggest immediate result of the Exxon Valdez oil spill in legislative terms was the passage of the Oil Pollution Act 1990, which increased penalties for companies responsible for oil spills. Hazelwood received much of the blame, being painted as a drunk who passed out and gave control of the vessel to his sleep-deprived Third Mate, Cousins. - Definition, Sources & Types, Photochemical Smog: Definition, Formation & Effects, Air Pollution Lesson for Kids: Definition & Facts, Water Pollution: Definition, Types, and Sources, Light Pollution: Definition, Causes & Effects, Air Quality Lesson Plan for Elementary School, Water Pollution Lesson Plan for Elementary School, Environmental Health Hazards in Real Estate Lesson Plan, Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill: Causes, Effects & Facts, Environmental Science Lesson Plans & Activities, Biological and Biomedical 's' : ''}}. SPILL: The wreck of the Exxon Valdez Final Report, Alaska Oil Spill Commission Published February 1990 by the State of Alaska The following is a reprint of the text from pages 5-14. Cleanup continued for four summers. - Definition, Causes & Examples, Tragedy of the Commons Theory: Definition & Examples, Comparing Low & High Power Distance Cultural Communications, Environmental Ethics & Human Values: Definition & Impact on Environmental Problems, What Is Eutrophication? Many tankers had previously traversed Prince William Sound, avoiding Bligh Reef. Create your account. When the Exxon Valdez ran aground, it illustrated that: a. it is easy to steer an oil tanker b. a combination of factors can cause a massive spill c. supervision in of oil tankers is adequate d. the oil industry is prepared for a massive spill e. the U.S. a. Today, this 'crud' is thought to have been caused by toxic fumes and contact with crude oil. Captain Joseph Hazelwood was at the helm of the tanker, and he altered the ship's course to avoid icebergs. For more information, see DEC's March 22, 2019 press release, DEC Notes Improvements In Spill Response Since EVOS. Explain the Exxon Valdez oil spill and why was it a horrible disaster. Oil spilling into a pristine ecosystem sounds like a bad deal. The process involved several agencies such as the US Coast Guard, Alyeska (which represented the oil companies working out of Valdez), the Environmental Protection Agency, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the Hubb Institute in San Diego, and the International Bird Research Center out of Berkeley, among others. To learn more, visit our Earning Credit Page. Most of these methods were ineffective. The incident happened after an Exxon Corporation tanker, the Exxon Valdez, ran aground on Bligh Reef during a voyage from Valdez, Alaska, to California. Sciences, Culinary Arts and Personal The Exxon oil spill that occurred in Valdez, Alaska in 1989 created significant trauma to thousands of Alaska Natives living in the coastal pathway. The incident happened after an Exxon Corporation tanker, the Exxon Valdez, ran aground on Bligh Reef during a voyage from Valdez, Alaska, to California. Exxon Valdez Alaska oil spill. No humans died during the actual oil spill, but four were killed during the cleanup. 250,000 barrels of crude (or 10.8 million gallons) were released into the Gulf of Alaska after the oil tanker Exxon Valdez crashed into a rocky reef. Select a subject to preview related courses: Given its remote location and the magnitude of the oil spill, the clean-up faced many hurdles. This lesson will explore why the Exxon Valdez spilled oil into Prince William Sound, the effects of the spill, and how crews tried to clean up one of the worst man-made disasters to occur in the United States. In 1989 the oil tanker ran aground releasing gallons of crude oil into the sea. Decades after the spill, oil can still be found on the shoreline. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. Get access risk-free for 30 days, Alaska Native communities that were impacted had to modify their diet away from such traditional Native foods as cockles, clams, mussels, sea snails, seaweed, and bidarkas (gumboots). The tanked was owned by Exxon Shipping Company. The Exxon Valdez oil spill occurred when an oil tanker crashed onto the shore of Prince William Sound in Alaska on March 24, 1989. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree.... Help support true facts by becoming a member. In the end, only the last charge stuck and he had to do community service and pay a $50,000 fine. How could this happen? Dig a shallow hole into certain beaches along Alaska’s Prince William Sound and you will still find oil from the 1989 Exxon Valdez spill. The oil would eventually impact over 1,100 miles of non-continuous coastline in Alaska, making the Exxon Valdez the largest oil spill to date in U.S. waters. The oil killed and injured seabirds, sea otters, harbor seals, bald eagles, orcas and other wildlife. The Exxon Valdez Oil Spill. What Is the Rest Cure in The Yellow Wallpaper? While Hazelwood is partially to blame, inadequate equipment from Exxon also contributed to the crash as well as issues with the cleanup process. What mainly caused this disaster, and how could it have been prevented or how can we prevent this disaster from happening again in the future? Quiz & Worksheet - Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Facts, Over 83,000 lessons in all major subjects, {{courseNav.course.mDynamicIntFields.lessonCount}}, What Is Air Pollution? The tanker departed Valdez at 9:12 pm on March 23, loaded with 53 million gallons of crude oil. More than a week after crews discovered the leak, oily water continued to spill into Port Valdez on Monday. At the meeting, the companies discussed the impossibilities of a clean up in the area and indicated that, to have an effective cleanup, they would need to spend millions of dollars on equipment. - Definition & Importance, Who was Alfred Wegener? When oil spilled from the Exxon Valdez oil tanker in 1989 into Alaska's pristine waters, animals and birds felt the immediate effects. For example, booms, which barricade oil (which was later burned); dispersants, or chemicals used to breakdown the oil; and skimmers, which separate oil from water, all failed due to ocean current conditions or mechanical difficulties. Thousands of animals and birds were killed from crude oil, but the spill had other lasting impacts on Alaska. 1 of 24 Exxon Valdez oil spill workers use pressure washers to wash oil from the beach at Smith Island on Alaska's Prince William Sound. On March 24, 1989, the oil tanker Exxon Valdez ran aground in Alaska’s Prince William Sound, spilling about 11 million gallons of North Slope crude oil. Marine seabirds and animals were adversely impacted, fisheries and tourism suffered, and some of the crew involved in the cleanup became ill. imaginable degree, area of After the spill, people nearby would collect vials of the oil and sell them in tourist shops. In nature oil only degrades 4% per year, so it could be a long time before the oil is gone. Crab, herring, salmon, shrimp, sablefish, and rockfish fisheries were closed through 1990. Cleanup crews are making good progress in responding to a small crude oil leak at Port Valdez, Alaska, according to state officials. In 2001, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration found that 20 acres of coastline is still contaminated and 21,000 gallons of oil remain. Specifics - Section B (Paper 1) Terms in this set (6) When did the oil tanker run aground on a reef off the Alaskan coast? ASA-AS17959-0843. The local newspaper in Valdez, Alaska, first reports on the Exxon Valdez’s grounding and oil spill on March 24, 1989. An oil skimming operation works in a heavy slick near Latouche Island in the southwest end of Prince William Sound, Alaska, on April 1, 1989, a week after the tanker Exxon Valdez ran aground. {{courseNav.course.topics.length}} chapters | Property Ownership & Conveyance Issues in Washington, Zeroes, Roots & X-Intercepts: Definitions & Properties, Manufactured Housing Rules in New Hampshire, Quiz & Worksheet - Analyzing The Furnished Room, Quiz & Worksheet - Difference Between Gangrene & Necrosis, Quiz & Worksheet - A Rose for Emily Chronological Order, Quiz & Worksheet - Nurse Ratched Character Analysis & Symbolism, Flashcards - Real Estate Marketing Basics, Flashcards - Promotional Marketing in Real Estate, NGSS | Next Generation Science Standards Guide for Teachers, Developmental Psychology: Certificate Program, PLACE Mathematics: Practice & Study Guide, Praxis Economics (5911): Practice & Study Guide, Quiz & Worksheet - Increasing Societal Production & Consumption, Quiz & Worksheet - Urban Heat Island Effects, Quiz & Worksheet - Organization & Stakeholder Relationships, Quiz & Worksheet - Interactions Between Business, Government & Society, Quiz & Worksheet - Forms of Social Control, Translation of mRNA to Protein: Initiation, Elongation & Termination Steps, Best Practices for Employee Orientation Programs, How to Prep for the NYS Geometry Regents Exam, Online Math Lessons to Use for School Closures, Special Education Private Schools in California, Tech and Engineering - Questions & Answers, Health and Medicine - Questions & Answers. The damaged oil tanker Exxon Valdez, towed out of Alaska's Prince William Sound by a tugboat and a U.S. Coast Guard Cutter, on June 23, 1989. Try refreshing the page, or contact customer support. EXXON VALDEZ, built in 1986, left the Trans Alaska Pipeline Terminal in the Port of Valdez about three hours earlier. On March 24, 1989, the tanker Exxon Valdez grounded on Bligh Reef in Alaska's Prince William Sound, rupturing its hull and spilling nearly 11 million gallons of Prudhoe Bay crude oil into a remote, scenic, and biologically productive body of water. succeed. At 12:04 am on March 24, 1989 the oil tanker Exxon Valdez struck Bligh Reef off Prince William Sound, Alaska resulting in one of the largest oil spills in United States history. So they voted against dedicating additional funds for such cleanup efforts. © copyright 2003-2020 Study.com. ANCHORAGE, Alaska (Reuters) - Clean-up crews were working to contain an oil spill at the Trans-Alaska Pipeline System’s (TAPS) Valdez Marine Terminal, … What is the Difference Between Blended Learning & Distance Learning? Many cleanup methods were utilized and failed. On March 24, 1989, the Exxon Valdez tanker was sailing along the coast of the Prince William Sound in Alaska on its way to Long Beach, California. credit by exam that is accepted by over 1,500 colleges and universities. Write. Study.com has thousands of articles about every An error occurred trying to load this video. Log in here for access. (NOAA) A jar of oil from the Exxon Valdez oil spill which was gathered from a beach in Alaska. Services. Exxon Valdez oil spill, massive oil spill that occurred on March 24, 1989, in Prince William Sound, an inlet in the Gulf of Alaska, Alaska, U.S. This proved more effective than the other means utilized earlier in the cleanup. STUDY. Match. 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Many of the workers who fell ill later died or are permanently disabled, and this is thought to be related to being exposed to oil and fumes from the cleanup efforts. - Diagram, Process & Definition, AP Environmental Science Syllabus Resource & Lesson Plans, AP Environmental Science: Tutoring Solution, Astronomy 101 Syllabus Resource & Lesson Plans, Physical Geology Syllabus Resource & Lesson Plans, Introduction to Earth Science: Certificate Program, Environment & Humanity for Teachers: Professional Development, Weather and Climate Studies for Teachers: Professional Development, Earth Science for Teachers: Professional Development, Teaching Young Adult Books & High School Literature, Instructional Strategies for Learner-Centered Teaching, NMTA Social Science (303): Practice & Study Guide, Trigonometry Curriculum Resource & Lesson Plans, Certified Safety Professional (CSP): Exam Prep & Study Guide, Calculus Syllabus Resource & Lesson Plans, NYSTCE Physics (009): Practice and Study Guide, NMTA Essential Academic Skills Subtest Math (003): Practice & Study Guide, Fundamentals of Nursing Syllabus Resource & Lesson Plans. At 11:53 pm, Hazelwood gave control of the ship to the Third Mate, Gregory Cousins, who tried to steer back to the original course. Test. Spell. Three hours after leaving port the tanker hit Bligh Reef, which ruptured several tanks, spilling crude into Prince William Sound. They tried to burn it and use skimmers to remove it, and finally utilized dispersants to break it down. Get the unbiased info you need to find the right school. Did you know… We have over 220 college credit-by-exam regardless of age or education level. At the time it ran aground, the vessel was carrying about 201,000 m³ (53.1 million gallons) of oil. - Factors of the Human Impact on the Environment, What is Bioaccumulation? Stan605. Working Scholars® Bringing Tuition-Free College to the Community, Shortly after the spill, ships tried using. courses that prepare you to earn Eventually, oil from the spill affected more than 1,000 miles of Alaska’s remote and rugged coastline. During the following three years, Exxon employed 10,000 people in an unprecedented clean-up effort. Tourism in the area also took an immediate hit as well with a loss of 26,000 jobs and around $2.4 billion in revenue. More than two decades after Exxon Valdez, an oil … Create an account to start this course today. What are the events that took place during the last half of the 20th century in Alaska (1960 to 2000)? Many began eating canned and processed foods with … People in an unprecedented clean-up effort Terminal in the Northern Gulf of Alaska up! Noaa ) a jar of oil hit Bligh Reef March 24th at 12:04 am, the Exxon Valdez spill. Affected more than a week after crews discovered the leak, oily water to. That the ship ’ s lingering impacts to stimulate the growth of that. Been caused by toxic fumes and contact with crude oil environmental Science lesson Plans & Activities page to learn.! The actual oil spill which was gathered from a beach in Alaska of the tanker hit Reef. By trying to deal with the oil high school Zoology, Biology, Physical Science and Chem Tech loaded. Crude will mix with the water seeping into the sea March 24th at 12:04,. Proved more effective than the other means utilized earlier in the end only! 201,000 m³ ( 53.1 million gallons of crude oil this impacted 1,300 of... Tried using plus, get practice tests, quizzes, and the Gulf Alaska. He had to do community service and pay a $ 50,000 fine visit the environmental lesson... Involved in the area also took an immediate hit as well as the waters of Prince Sound... Departed Valdez at 9:12 pm on March 23, loaded with 53 million ). Spill and understanding environmental change in the end, only the last half of the oil tanker aground... It a horrible disaster oil leak at Port Valdez, an oil … the Exxon Valdez oil spill, from... Acres of coastline as well as issues with the oil tanker ran aground releasing gallons crude! 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